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Contents

  1. Cover

  2. Preface

  3. Opening Animation

  4. Chapter 1: The history of early computing technology

    1. The history of early computing technology

    2. 1.1 Early analog computational devices

    3. 1.2 Early digital computational devices

    4. 1.3 Electronic devices

  5. Chapter 2: The emergence of graphics technology

    1. The emergence of graphics technology

    2. 2.1 Whirlwind and SAGE

    3. 2.2 Programming and Artistry

    4. 2.3 MIT’s Lincoln Labs

  6. Chapter 3: The computer graphics industry evolves

    1. The computer graphics industry evolves

    2. 3.1 Work continues at MIT

    3. 3.2 TX-2 and DEC

    4. 3.3 General Motors DAC

    5. 3.4 Other output devices

    6. 3.5 Input devices

  7. Chapter 4: Basic and applied research moves the industry

    1. Basic and applied research moves the industry

    2. 4.1 Introduction

    3. 4.2 MIT and Harvard

    4. 4.3 Bell Labs and Lawrence Livermore

    5. 4.4 University of Utah

    6. 4.5 The Ohio State University

    7. 4.6 JPL and National Research Council of Canada

    8. 4.7 Other research efforts

  8. Chapter 5: University research labs evolve

    1. University research labs evolve

    2. 5.1 Cornell and NYIT

    3. 5.2 UNC and Toronto

    4. 5.3 Cal Tech and North Carolina State

    5. 5.4 Illinois-Chicago and University of Pennsylvania

    6. 5.5 Other labs and NSF Technology Center

  9. Chapter 6: Commercial Companies

    1. Commercial Companies

    2. 6.1 Digital Effects

    3. 6.2 MAGI

    4. 6.3 Information International Inc. (III, or Triple-I)

    5. 6.4 Digital Productions (DP)

    6. 6.5 Robert Abel and Associates

    7. 6.6 Cranston/Csuri Productions

    8. 6.7 Pacific Data Images (PDI)

    9. 6.8 Omnibus Computer Graphics

    10. 6.9 Bo Gehring and Associates

  10. Chapter 7: Organizations, conferences, & graphics standards

    1. Organizations, conferences, & graphics standards

    2. 7.1 CG Organizations and Conferences

    3. 7.3 Early Graphics Publications

  11. Chapter 8: Commercial Animation Software

    1. Commercial Animation Software

    2. 8.1 Introduction

    3. 8.2 Wavefront Technologies

    4. 8.3 Alias Research

    5. 8.4 Alias/Wavefront

    6. 8.5 Side Effects

    7. 8.6 Softimage

    8. 8.7 Autodesk/Kinetix/Discreet

  12. Chapter 9: Computer Artists

    1. Computer Artists

    2. 9.1 Introduction

    3. 9.2 Vera Molnar

    4. 9.3 Manfred Mohr

    5. 9.4 Larry Cuba

    6. 9.5 Lillian Schwartz

    7. 9.6 David Em

    8. 9.7 Yoichiro Kawaguchi

    9. 9.8 Ed Emshwiller

    10. 9.9 Other Artists

  13. Chapter 10: CAD/CAM/CADD/CAE

    1. CAD/CAM/CADD/CAE

    2. 10.1 Introduction

    3. 10.2 MCS / CalComp / McAuto

    4. 10.3 Auto-trol / Applicon / ComputerVision

    5. 10.4 SDRC / Unigraphics

    6. 10.5 Intergraph / Bentley / Dassault

    7. 10.6 Autodesk / Micro-Control Systems

  14. Chapter 11: CG Production Companies

    1. CG Production Companies

    2. 11.1 Introduction

    3. 11.2 Industrial Light and Magic (ILM)

    4. 11.3 Pixar

    5. 11.4 Metrolight / Rezn8

    6. 11.5 deGraf-Wahrman / Kroyer Films

    7. 11.6 Rhythm and Hues / Xaos

    8. 11.7 R/Greenberg Associates / Blue Sky Studios

    9. 11.8 Kleiser Walczak Construction Company

    10. 11.9 Sogitec Audiovisuel / Lamb&Company

  15. Chapter 12: Analog approaches, non-linear editing, and compositing

    1. Analog approaches, non-linear editing, and compositing

    2. 12.1 Introduction

    3. 12.2 ANIMAC / SCANIMATE

    4. 12.3 Image West / Dolphin Productions / Ron Hays

    5. 12.4 Quantel

  16. Chapter 13: Flight Simulation

    1. Flight Simulation

    2. 13.1 Phase I-III

    3. 13.2 Singer Link

    4. 13.3 Evans and Sutherland

    5. 13.4 NASA

    6. 13.5 Military

    7. 13.6 Other Approaches

  17. Chapter 14: CG in the Movies

    1. CG in the Movies

    2. 14.1 Introduction

    3. 14.2 CGI and Effects in Films and Music Videos

    4. 14.3 Tron

    5. 14.4 Miscellaneous

  18. Chapter 15: Graphics Hardware Advancements

    1. Graphics Hardware Advancements

    2. 15.1 Early Hardware

    3. 15.2 Apollo / SGI / Sun

    4. 15.3 Graphics Accelerators

    5. 15.4 Influence of Games

  19. Chapter 16: The GUI and the personal computer

    1. The GUI and the personal computer

    2. 16.1 Xerox PARC

    3. 16.2 Apple Computer

    4. 16.3 The IBM PC and Unix

    5. 16.4 Amiga

    6. 16.5 Timeline of the GUI

  20. Chapter 17: Virtual Environments

    1. Virtual Environments

    2. 17.1 Virtual Reality

    3. 17.2 Virtual Projection

    4. 17.3 Hypermedia and Art

    5. 17.4 Interaction

    6. 17.5 Virtual Spaces

  21. Chapter 18: Scientific Visualization

    1. Scientific Visualization

    2. 18.1 Introduction

    3. 18.2 Visualization Systems

    4. 18.3 Hardware and Software

    5. 18.4 Algorithms

    6. 18.5 Volumes

  22. Chapter 19: Quest for Visual Realism

    1. Quest for Visual Realism

    2. 19.1 Particle Systems and Artificial Life

    3. 19.2 Flocking Systems

    4. 19.3 Physical-based Modeling

    5. 19.4 Noise functions and Fractals

    6. 19.5 Global Illumination

    7. 19.6 Plants

    8. 19.7 Data-driven Imagery

    9. 19.8 Character motion

  23. Chapter 20: CG Icons

    1. CG Icons

    2. 20.1 CG Icons

  24. CG Historical Timeline

  25. Other Related Historical Links

  26. List of Movies and Videos and Image Galleries

  27. Glossary

  28. Afterword